Abstract: In response to the characteristics of a certain UAV electronic payload host, such as light weight, small volume, high heat consumption, dust and rain resistance, and suitability for multiple scenarios, a natural heat dissipation method based on the heat pipe cold plate is adopted. According to the specific positions of the heat-generating modules and chips, the layout of heat pipes and heat dissipation fins is rationally planned. A lightweight, compact, and portable dual-purpose electronic payload host structure and sealed case are designed, which can be used both for the UAV loading and for the ground case loading. After the design is completed, thermal simulation analysis is conducted on the physical model, and finally, the physical product is tested and verified. The results show that the maximum error between the measured temperature and the simulated temperature does not exceed 5%, and the highest temperature of the chips is all lower than their respective allowable case temperatures. The final product successfully passes the high-temperature operation test, fully verifying the rationality of structure design and simulation analysis of the electronic payload.