Abstract: Aerogels possess exceptional application potential in the filed of nanoporous materials owing to their ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, and ultralow density. Carbon-based aerogels, primarily built from graphene and carbon nanotubes, inherit the three-dimensional porous network of conventional aerogels while incorporating the excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical stability of carbon materials, resulting in superior overall performance. The typical preparation strategies of carbon-based aerogels are systematically reviewed in this paper, such as self-assembly, chemical vapor deposition, solution assembly, and template methods. The research progress of porous networks in thermal insulation, electromagnetic wave absorption, radar stealth, thermal infrared shielding, and radar-infrared compatible stealth is thoroughly analyzed. The opportunities and challenges for carbon-based aerogels as a new generation of multifunctional stealth coating materials in future advanced aircraft stealth technology are prospected, highlighting their significant application value in broadband and multispectral compatible stealth.