Abstract: Heat transport in dual-porosity media is ubiquitous in fields of energy, materials, biology, etc. Currently, most studies on thermal conductivity only consider the single pore structure of either the matrix or the fracture network, while the research that considers heat transport in dual-porosity media of both the matrix and fracture network often neglects the roughness of the channel surfaces. Based on fractal theory and Fourier's Law, a fractal model for the effective thermal conductivity of dual-porosity media with rough surfaces is established and the effect of relative roughness and other microstructure parameters on the heat transport process is discussed in this paper. The research results indicate that the dimensionless effective thermal conductivity of dual-porosity media is negatively correlated with relative roughness and the bifurcation level of the fracture network, while it is positively correlated with the fractal dimension of both the fracture network and matrix pores, as well as the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the fluid phase to the solid phase. To validate the effectiveness of the model, the predicted results are compared with existing experimental data, which shows good agreement.