Abstract: The thermal-problem of airborne electro-optical targeting & navigation system is becoming worse because of miniaturization, high integration and high-performance. The characteristics of semiconductor refrigeration technology can adapt to the situation when there are more strict limits on weight and space. The feasibility of the application of semiconductor refrigeration to airborne electro-optical targeting & navigation system is validated by calculating with classical heat exchange-theory and advanced thermal simulation software. Aiming for airborne electro-optical targeting & navigation system thermal solution to the problem could be achieved by this possible way.