Abstract: Active phased array antennas have been widely applied in the fields of ground air defense, airborne fire control, missile borne guidance, space communication, electronic reconnaissance and weather navigation. The technology of active phased array antenna is the mainstream development direction of future radar technology. The antennas will inevitably be subjected to complex environmental loads in the service process, which will cause unpredictable structural deformation and feeding error. The element position, direction and mutual coupling between elements can be changed and finally the electromagnetic performance of the antenna will be seriously degraded. Therefore, this paper summarizes the environmental load factors under different service scenarios including land, sea, air and sky, clarifies the influence mechanism of steady-state load and transient load on antenna performance, summarizes the monitoring methods of structural deformation and feed system error of array antenna, further gives the key technologies of antenna performance regulation from both structural compensation and electronic compensation and discusses the future research directions and challenges of performance control technologies for active phased array antennas in operating status.